England

England is the biggest of the four countries in the United Kingdom. Together with Scotland and Wales, it forms the island of Great Britain. The English Channel is in the south between England and France. People travel to France by ferry across the English Channel or by train through the Channel Tunnel, which goes under the sea.

Over 55 million people live in England, and that’s around 84 per cent of the total UK population. It is a multicultural country where more than 300 languages are spoken in the capital city, London. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, which means that there is a queen or king but they don’t make the laws of the country. Laws and political decisions in England are made by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Houses of Parliament are in central London next to the River Thames, and the most famous part is the clock tower. People often think the tower is called Big Ben, but that's actually the name of the huge bell inside the tower. 

Other large cities in England are Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds and Bristol. Outside cities, England is a very green country and has many rural areas of natural beauty, such as the Lake District, an area with lots of lakes in the north, and the New Forest, a big area of forest in the south of the country.

Language

The official language of England is English, which is spoken today by millions of people all over the world. Many students go to England from other countries to study the language and learn about the culture. Although English is spoken throughout England, there are many different accents around the country. French was the official language in England between 1066 and 1362, which is why there are many French words and expressions in English such as, bon voyage for ‘have a good trip’ or bouquet for ‘a bunch of flowers’.

Music

English people love music. In the summer you can go to music festivals all over the country, like those at Glastonbury, Leeds or Reading. Glastonbury is a five-day festival of music, dance, comedy, theatre and circus, and more than 200,000 people go. Many people stay at the festivals for a few days and camp in tents. People listen to all types of music, especially pop and rock. England has produced many international groups and singers, from the Beatles, Coldplay and Adele to newer artists such as Harry Styles, Dua Lipa, RAYE, Central Cee and The Last Dinner Party.

Sport

The most popular sports in England are football, rugby and cricket, and most towns have a sports ground where teams can play. English football teams like Manchester United, Arsenal, Chelsea and Liverpool are world-famous, and well-known English football players include David Beckham, Harry Kane, Jude Bellingham and Bukayo Saka. Women’s football is also very popular, and teams play in leagues and competitions across the country and in international tournaments around the world. Every year, the English rugby union team play in the Six Nations Championship against Wales, Scotland, Ireland, France and Italy. Cricket is a traditional sport played with a bat and ball, which began in England and is now played all over the world. People like to watch all these sports on television, as well as other sports like horse racing, tennis, snooker (a type of billiards) and motor racing.

Food

England is a very multicultural country, and this has a big influence on the food people eat. Indian, Chinese and Italian cuisines are popular alternatives to traditional English food like fish and chips, roast beef or sausage and mash (mashed potatoes). Many people drink several cups of tea every day, usually with milk. However, coffee and herbal teas are also popular.

Symbols

The national flag of England is white with a red cross. It is called the St George’s Cross, and Saint George is the patron saint of England. St George’s Day is on 23 April, but it’s not a public holiday. The rose is the national flower of England, and the lion is one of England's best-known national symbols. The lion is also a symbol of many English sports teams.